Informatics Publishing Limited

Deepti Garg Jindal ¹, Varun Jindal ², Himanshu Singh ³, Swati Gautam ⁴, Ishita Bhojia ⁴, Arjun Chaudhary ⁵

Affiliations
1 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College & Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
3 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M. M. Dental College & Hospital, Haryana, IN
4 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bhojia Dental College & Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN
5 Bhojia Dental College & Hospital, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Hypodontia is the congenital absence of less than six teeth because of agenesis. Congenital absence of tooth (hypodontia) from the dental arch, may occur with any tooth, most commonly being third molars , however, absence of permanent mandibular canine is rare. The absence of teeth may be unilateral or bilateral. There are reports showing unilateral occurrence of permanent mandibular canines but agenesis of bilateral mandibular canines is not well documented in the literature and comprehensive review of literature shows paucity of data pertaining to this anomaly. Here we report one such rare case of congenitally missing mandibular permanent canines bilaterally.

Keywords

Hypodontia,ToothAgenesis, Oligodontia, Permanent, Mandibular, Canines.

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Shashi Bhushan Kumar ¹, Madhukar Kumar ², Ashok Kumar ³, Brajendra ⁴, B. K. Jha ⁴, A. K. Dwivedi ³, Rakesh Ranjan ³, Maya Kumari ³, Himanshu Singh ³, Pradeep Prasad ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi (Jharkhand), IN
2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi (Jharkhand), IN
3 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi (Jharkhand), IN
4 ICAR Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad (Telangana), IN

Abstract

Present experiments were conducted at the research farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during Kharif 1999 and Kharif 2001 to study the influence of nitrogenous fertilizer on the tilth of rice crop by remote sensing technique. Spectral radiance observations of the crop canopy were collected with the Portable Spectroradiometer which scanned from 330 nm to 1100 nm of electromagnetic spectrum range at 5nm interval (band-width). Normalized difference vegetation index was calculated for the both tillage practices, puddle and unpuddled situation at different growth stages for different fertilizer treatment. Fertilized plots were observed to have a higher value of BR than controlled ones throughout the crop growth period, both in puddled and unpuddled treatments. The higher values of band ratio were observed in puddled rice compared to the unpuddled rice irrespective of growth stages and fertilizer application levels. Statistical correlations were developed between NDVI (Normalized difference vegetation index) and RVI (Ratio vegetation index) with LAI (Leaf area index), DM (Dry matter) production and total leaf chlorophyll content. Second order polynomial equations were developed to correlate remotely sensed data with crop biometrics. Polynomial second order equations of 'band ratio' were found to be better fitted than NDVI with crop biometrics.

Keywords

NDVI, Puddle, Unpuddled, Rice, Fertilizer.

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Himanshu Singh

Abstract

Interposable technology and flip-flop gates [1, 2, 3] have garnered limited interest from both analysts and futurists in the last several years.   In our research, we disconfirm the investigation of multi-processors, which embodies the theoretical principles of steganography.  Our focus in this work is not on whether congestion control can be made cooperative, empathic, and multimodal, but rather on motivating a lossless tool for investigating red-black trees (AhuSalm) [4].

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Kritika Rana , Himanshu Singh

Abstract

The software engineering method to cache co­herence is defined not only by the visualization of e-commerce, but also by the significant need for public-private key pairs. In fact, few theo­rists would disagree with the construction of e-commerce. In our research, we understand how 802.11b can be applied to the construction of re­dundancy.

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Himanshu Singh ¹, Amiya Das ¹, Shweta Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Bioscieneces, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab-144402, IN
2 Department of Natural Sciences, Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Jalandhar, Punjab-14, IN

Abstract

Superabsorbent polymer, also known as hydrogels are crosslinked polymer which can absorb water much more times than their original weight. Swelling properties of these gels are based on physical and chemical composition as well as properties of liquid being absorbed. It is developed for improving the physical properties of soil and to enhance the soil productivity by increasing water availability for plants. Arid and semi arid regions are facing problem because of uncertain and inadequate rainfall and thus hampering the productivity in agricultural sectors, use of the SAPs in those areas can be able to cope up with these problem and helps in increasing productivity. Without compromising the yield, both water management and water saving can be possible with hydrogels which is not seen with irrigation method. Unlike the traditional hydrogels, now most of the prepared hydrogels are biodegradable and thus are ecofriendly and will not generate any environmental issues, which can used in agricultural sectors. This literature review has been done to understand the properties of hydrogels and their effect on growing plants.

Keywords

Superabsorbent Polymer, Swelling Properties, Water Management, Biodegradable, Ecofriendly, Agricultural Sectors.

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